ICSE Class 10 Study of Compounds Solution By Clarify knowledge

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ICSE Class 10 Study of Compounds Solution Solution Table

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Question 1

a. Name the acid used. Why is this particular acid preferred to other acids?

b. Give the balanced equation for the reaction.

c. Name the drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas.

d. Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas. Why?

e. Why is direct absorption of HCl gas in water not feasible?

f. What arrangement is done to dissolve HCl gas in water?Solution 1

a. Concentrated H₂SO₄

b. The balanced equation for the reaction: 

c. The drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas is conc. sulphuric acid.

d. Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas because they react with hydrogen chloride.

e. Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water. Therefore, it is not collected over water.

f. The funnel arrangement is done to dissolve HCl gas in water.Question 2

Explain why:

(a) Anhydrous HCl is a poor conductor while aq. HCl is an excellent conductor.

(b) When the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the air.

(c) A solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity , while a solution of the same gas in toluene:

(i) Has no effect on litmus ,and

(ii) Does not conduct electricity

(d) Thick white fumes are formed when glass rod dipped in NH₄OH is brought near the mouth of bottle full of HCl gas.

(e) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in the presence of drop of water.

(f) Hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.Solution 2

(a) Anhydrous HCl is poor conductor due to the absence of ions in it whereas aqueous HCl is excellent conductor since it contains ions.

(b) When the stopper is opened HCl gas comes in contact with water vapors of air and gives white fumes due to the formation of hydrochloric acid.

(c) A solution of HCl in water gives hydronium ions and conducts electricity, but HCl is also soluble in dry toluene, but in that case it neither (i) turns blue litmus red (ii) nor does conducts electricity. This indicates the absence of H⁺ ions in toluene showing thereby that hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound.

(d) When ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of HCl, dense white fumes are formed due to the formation of ammonium chloride.

HCl + NH₄OH NH₄Cl + H₂O

(e) Dry hydrogen chloride is not acidic whereas moist Hydrogen chloride is acidic. In presence of a drop of water HCl gas dissolves in water and forms hydrochloric acid which turns blue litmus paper red.

(f) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water as it is highly soluble in water.Question 3

The given set up of the figure is for preparation of an acid.

(a) Name the acid prepared by this method.

(b) Name the reactants used.

(c) Why empty flask is used.

(d) What is drying agent used? Why is this drying agent chosen?

(e) What is the role of inverted funnel in the arrangement?Solution 3

(a) Hydrochloric acid is prepared by this method.

(b) The reactants are sodium chloride and Sulphuric acid.

(c) The empty flask acts as Anti-Suction device. In case the back suction occurs the water will collect in it and will not reach the generating flask.

(d) The drying agent is Conc. Sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is chosen as drying agent because it does not react with HCl.

(e) The Inverted funnel :

Prevents or minimizes back suction of water.

Provides a large surface area for absorption of HCl gas.Question 4(a)

 i. Name the experiment illustrated below.

 ii. State the colour of the water that has entered the round-bottomed flask.

Solution 4(a)

i. The experiment is the fountain experiment and is used to demonstrate solubility.

ii. The colour of the water that has entered the round-bottomed flask is red.Question 4(b)

 What property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated when it is collected by downward delivery (Upward displacement)?Solution 4(b)

When hydrogen chloride is collected by downward delivery or upward displacement, it shows that it is heavier than air.Question 5

a. Name an element which reacts with hydrogen to form a compound which is strongly acidic in water.

b. Explain why dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond 22.2%.Solution 5

a. Hydrogen reacts with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride.

b. Dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond 22.2% because molecules of HCl_(g) get mixed with water vapour.Question 6

How will you prove that Hydrochloric acid contains (i) Hydrogen (ii) Chlorine.

Write equations for the reactions. Solution 6

We can prove that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine by the following experiment.

Take a voltameter used for electrolysis of water, fitted with platinum cathode and graphite anode.

Into the voltameter pour 4 molar HCl and pass direct current.

It is seen that a colourless gas is evolved at cathode and a greenish gas is evolved at anode.

When a burning splinter is brought near a colourless gas, it bursts into flame thereby proving that it is hydrogen gas.

When moist starch iodide paper is held in the greenish yellow gas, it turns blue black, thereby proving that the gas is chlorine.

2HCl ? H₂ + Cl₂

This experiment proves that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine.

Question 7

Name

(a) a Black metallic oxide which reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a coloured solution.

(b) Two colourless gases, which when mixed produce a white solid.

(c) Two gases which chemically combine to form liquid.

(d) A chloride which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.

(e) The chemical in which gold can be dissolved.

(f) the experiment which demonstrates that hydrogen chloride is soluble in water.

(g) the gas produced when chlorine water is exposed to sunlight.Solution 7

(a) Manganese dioxide

(b) Hydrogen chloride and ammonia

(c) Hydrogen and oxygen

(d) AgCl(Silver chloride)

(e) Aqua regia

(f) Fountain experiment

(g) Hydrogen chloride gasQuestion 8

Solution A reacts with an acid B (which gives greenish yellow gas on reacting with oxidizing agents like Pb₃O₄) to give white precipitate C insoluble in nitric acid but soluble in ammonium hydroxide. Name A, B and C.Solution 8

A is Silver nitrate

B is Hydrochloric acid

C is Silver chlorideQuestion 9

Complete and balance the following reactions, state whether dilute or conc. acid is used.

(a) NH₄OH + HCl 

(b) NaHSO₃ + HCl

(c) Pb(NO₃)₂ +HCl 

(d) Pb₃O₄ + HCl Solution 9

(a) NH₄OH + HCl NH₄Cl + H₂O

(b) NaHSO₃ + HCl NaCl + H₂O + SO₂

(c) Pb(NO₃)₂ +2HCl PbCl₂ +2HNO₃

(d) Pb₃O₄ + 8HCl 3PbCl₂ +4H₂O +Cl₂Question 10

How will the action of dilute hydrochloric acid enable you to distinguish between the following:

a. Sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite

b. Sodium thiosulphate and sodium sulphite.Solution 10

a. Sodium carbonate on treating with dil.HCl results in the formation of sodium chloride with the liberation of carbon dioxide gas.

Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂ ↑

Sodium sulphite on treating with dil.HCl results in the formation of sodium chloride with the liberation of sulphur dioxide gas.

Na₂SO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + SO₂ ↑

b. Sodium thiosulphate reacts with dil. HCl to produce sulphur dioxide gas and precipitates yellow sulphur.

Na₂S₂O₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + SO₂ + S↓

Sulphur is not precipitated when sulphites are treated with dil.HCl.Question 11

Give three distinct tests (apart from using an indicator) you would carry out with solution of HClto illustrate the typical properties of an acid.Solution 11

Three tests are:

HCl gas gives thick white fumes of ammonium chloride when glass rod dipped in ammonia solution is held near the vapours of the acid.

NH₃ + HCl NH₄Cl

With silver nitrate HCl gives white precipitate of silver chloride. The precipitate is insoluble in nitric acid but soluble in ammonium hydroxide.

AgNO₃ + HCl AgCl + HNO₃

A greenish yellow gas is liberated when concentrated hydrochloric acid is heated with oxidizing agent like manganese dioxide.

MnO₂ + 4HCl MnCl₂ +2H₂O + Cl₂Question 12

MnO₂, PbO₂ and red lead react with conc. HCl acid liberates Cl₂.

What is the common property being shown by these metal oxides?Solution 12

MnO₂, PbO₂ and red lead react with conc. HCl acid to liberate Cl₂. This shows that hydrochloric acid is oxidized to chlorine by oxidizing agents.Question 13

State which of the two - a solution of HCl in water or in toluene -is an electrolyte. Explain.Solution 13

When hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water, hydrochloric acid is formed. The covalent compound ionises in water because of its polar nature and it can conduct electricity.

Hydrogen chloride gas is soluble in toluene, but there is an absence of H₃O⁺ in toluene, so it does not ionise the gas; thus, it cannot conduct electricity.Question 14(a)

Convert two soluble metallic nitrates to insoluble metallic chlorides using dil. HClSolution 14(a)

Conversion of metallic nitrates to insoluble metallic chlorides using dil. HCl:

_(i) 

_(ii) Question 14(b)

Convert

Hydrochloric acid to nascent chlorine.Solution 14(b)

A mixture having three parts of conc. hydrochloric acid and one part of conc. nitric acid gives nascent chlorine.

Question 15

A solution of hydrogen chloride in water is prepared. The following substances are added to separate portions of the solution:

S.No.	Substances added	Gas evolved	Odour
1. 2. 3.  4.	Calcium carbonate Magnesium ribbon Manganese(IV) oxide with heating Sodium sulphide	_________	________

Complete the table by writing the gas evolved in each case and its odour.Solution 15

S.No.	Substances added	Gas evolved	Odour
1.    2. 3.  4.	Calcium carbonate    Magnesium ribbon Manganese(IV) oxide with heating Sodium sulphide	Carbon dioxide    Hydrogen  Cl2  Hydrogen sulphide	Odourless    Odourless Strong Pungent odour  Rotten egg

Question 16

State the composition of aqua regia. State which component is the oxidizing agent in aqua regia.Solution 16

A mixture having three parts of conc. Hydrochloric acid and one part of conc. Nitric acid is called aqua-regia.

Nitric acid acts as oxidizing agent.Question 17

Write an equation for the reactions of hydrochloric acid on

a. silver nitrate solution

b. magnesium foil

c. caustic soda solution

d. zinc carbonate

e. manganese (IV) oxide

f. copper oxideSolution 17

Equations for the reactions of hydrochloric acid on

a. silver nitrate solution

b. magnesium foil

c. caustic soda solution 

d. zinc carbonate

e. manganese (IV) oxide

f. copper oxide

Question 18

Study the flow chart and give balanced equations with conditions for the conversions A, B, C,D and E.Solution 18

NaCl + H₂SO₄NaHSO₄ + HCl

Fe + 2HCl FeCl₂ + H₂

HCl + NH₃ NH₄Cl

PbO₂ + 4HCl PbCl₂ + 2H₂O + Cl₂Question 19

Write the balanced equations for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with each of the following:

(a) Iron

(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate

(c) Iron(II) sulphide

(d) magnesium sulphiteSolution 19

(a) Fe +2HCl FeCl₂ +H₂

(b) NaHCO₃ + HCl NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

(c) FeS + 2HCl FeCl₂ + H₂S

(d) Question 20(2018)

Write the observation:

1. Lead nitrate solution is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid and heated.
2. A small piece of zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid.

Solution 20(2018)

1. When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to lead nitrate solution a white coloured ppt of lead chloride appears.

Pb(NO₃)₂ + HCl ⟶ PbCl₂ + 2HNO₃

2. When small piece of zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, bubbles of hydrogen gas observed.

Question 21(2019)

1. The drying agent used to dry HCl gas is:
   1. Conc. H₂SO₄
   2. ZnO 
   3. Al₂O₃
   4. CaO 
2. When sodium chloride is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid below 200^oC one of the product formed is …………………. (sodium hydrogen sulphate/sodium sulphate/ chlorine).

Solution 21(2019)

1. - conc H₂SO₄
2. sodium hydrogen sulphate

Question 2010

a. Aqua regia is a mixture of 

 i. Dilute hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid

 ii. Concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid

 iii. Concentrated hydrochloric acid [1 part] and concentrated nitric acid [3 parts]

 iv. Concentrated hydrochloric acid [3 parts] and concentrated nitric acid [1 part]

b. How would you distinguish between dilute HCl and dilute HNO₃ by addition of only one solution?

c. Name two gases which can be used in the study of the fountain experiment. State the common property demonstrated by the fountain experiment.Solution 2010

a. Aqua regia is a mixture of Concentrated hydrochloric acid [3 parts] and concentrated nitric acid [1 part].

b. Silver nitrate solution will give a white ppt. when added to dil. hydrochloric acid and no change will be observed when added to dil. nitric acid.

c. Hydrogen chloride and ammonia gas.Question 2011

a. Choose the correct answer from the choices given: Hydrogen chloride gas being highly soluble in water is dried by

 i. Anhydrous calcium chloride

 ii. Phosphorous pentoxide

 iii. Quicklime

 iv. Conc. sulphuric acid

b. Write the balanced chemical equation.

 i. Sodium thiosulphate is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid.

 ii. Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

c. In the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water.

 i. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl gas in water.

 ii. State why such an arrangement is necessary. Give two reasons for the same.

 iii. Write balanced chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas when the reaction is A. Below 200°C; B. Above 200°C.Solution 2011

a. Hydrogen chloride gas being highly soluble in water is dried by conc. sulphuric acid. 

b. Balanced chemical equations:

i. Sodium thiosulphate is reacted with dilute  hydrochloric acid:

ii. Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:

c.  

i. Diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl gas in water:

ii. Such an arrangement is necessary to prevent back suction of water into the apparatus and it provides a large surface area for dissolution of hydrogen chloride gas.   

iii. Balanced chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas:

Question 2012

a. Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s: Aqua regia contains one part by volume of nitric acid and three parts by volume of hydrochloric acid.

b. Give reason for the following: Hydrogen chloride gas cannot be dried over quicklime.

c. Give a balanced equation for the reaction: Conc. hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate solution.

d. Give balanced equations with conditions, if any, for the following conversions:

 i. Sodium chloride → Hydrogen chloride

 ii. Hydrogen chloride → Iron (II) chloride

 iii. Hydrogen chloride → Ammonium chloride

 iv. Hydrogen chloride → Lead chlorideSolution 2012

a. Aqua regia contains one part by volume of conc. nitric acid and three parts by volume of conc. hydrochloric acid. 

b. Because HCl undergoes a chemical reaction with quicklime.

 2HCl + CaO → CaCl₂ + H₂O 

c. Balanced equation for the reaction of conc. hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate solution: 

d. Balanced equations with conditions for the following conversions:

i. Sodium chloride → Hydrogen chloride

ii. Hydrogen chloride → Iron (II) chloride

iii. Hydrogen chloride → Ammonium chloride

iv. Hydrogen chloride → Lead chloride

Question 2013

a. Identify the gas evolved when

 i. Potassium sulphite is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid.

 ii. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is made to react with manganese dioxide.

b. State one appropriate observation for

 i. Copper sulphide is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid.

 ii. A few drops of dil. HCl are added to AgNO₃ solution, followed by addition of NH₄OH solution.Solution 2013

a. i. When potassium sulphite is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, sulphur dioxide gas is evolved. 

  ii. When concentrated hydrochloric acid is made to react with manganese dioxide, chlorine gas is evolved. 

b. i. Hydrogen sulphide gas is evolved which has the smell of rotten eggs.

 ii. A white precipitate of silver chloride is formed which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide. Question 2014

a. Fill in the blank from the choices in the brackets:

 Quicklime is not used to dry HCl gas because [CaO is alkaline, CaO is acidic, CaO is neutral].

b. Write the balanced equation for

 Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphide.

c. State your observation:

 Dilute HCl is added to sodium carbonate crystals.

d. Study the given figure and answer the questions that follow:

 i. Identify the gas Y.

 ii. What property of gas Y does this experiment demonstrate?

iii. Name another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment.Solution 2014

a. Quicklime is not used to dry HCl gas because CaO is alkaline. 

b. Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphide:

c. Dilute HCl is added to sodium carbonate crystals:

 Sodium carbonate crystals on reaction with dilute HCl form sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide gas, which is evolved with brisk effervescence. This is a neutralisation reaction because sodium carbonate is a basic salt, while hydrochloric acid is an acid. The chemical equation for this reaction is as follows:

d.  

 i. The gas is HCl (hydrogen chloride) gas.

 ii. The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas is demonstrated by the fountain experiment.

 iii. Another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment is ammonia gas.Question 2015

(a) Name the acid which on mixing with silver nitrate solution produces a white precipitate which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.

(b) Name the gas which produces dense white fumes with ammonia gas.

(c) The following questions pertain to the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.

(i) Write the equation for its preparation, mentioning the conditions required.

(ii) Name the drying agent used in the above preparation and give a reason for the choice.

(iii) State a safety precaution taken during the preparation of hydrochloric acidSolution 2015

(a) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

(b) Hydrogen chloride

(c)  

(i) 

(ii) For purification of HCl, it is dried by passing through conc. Sulphuric acid. It is preferred over the other drying agent because it does not react with HCl

(iii) i. Temperature should be maintained at nearly 200^oC.

 ii. Delivery tube should be dipped in drying agent i.e., conc. H₂SO₄.

 iii. The lower end of the thistle funnel must be dipped in conc. Sulphuric acid.Question 2016

(a) The aim of the Fountain experiment is to prove that :

(A) HCl turns blue litmus red

(B) HCl is denser than air

(C) HCl is highly soluble in water

(D) HCl fumes in moist air

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation:

Action of hydrochloric acid on sodium bicarbonate.

(c) State your observations when :  

(i) Dilute Hydrochloric acid is added to Lead nitrate solution and the mixture is heated.

(ii) Dilute Hydrochloric acid is added to Sodium thiosulphate

(d)Identify the gas evolved and give the chemical test in each of the following cases :

(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron (II) sulphide.

(ii) Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium sulphite.Solution 2016

(a) Option C  

HCl is highly soluble in water. 

HCl is highly soluble in water. Its high solubility may be demonstrated by the fountain experiment.

(b) NaHCO_3(s) + HCl_(l)→ NaCl_(aq) + H₂O_(l) + CO_2(g)

(c)  

 (i) Hydrogen sulphide

The gas released has a rotten egg smell.

 (ii) Sulphur dioxide

Freshly prepared K₂Cr₂O₇ paper changes from orange to green.